Airframe Registry & Transponder Telemetry Facts

  • Search and decode provenance records across 4,839 commercial airframes tracked via open ADS-B telemetry and civil aviation registries.
  • Query by aircraft tail registration (e.g. CC-BGA, CC-BGB, CC-BGC, CC-BGD, CC-BGE), 24-bit Mode S transponder hex code, or Manufacturer Serial Number (MSN).
  • Operational status breakdown: 4,839 active commercial airframes in revenue service and 0 stored or idle airframes.
  • Displays operating airline, registered lessor owner, airframe age, transponder hex address, serial number, and observed recent route hops.

Civil Registration Standards & Transponder Telemetry

The 24-Bit ICAO Transponder Standard

Civil aircraft operating in controlled airspace are assigned a 24-bit Mode S transponder address by their national civil aviation registry. This identifier forms the foundation of modern ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast) out surveillance, broadcasting GPS latitude, longitude, pressure altitude, and airspeed to satellites and ground receivers once every second.

Manufacturer Serial Numbers (MSN)

While registrations change with lease novations and cross-border deliveries, the Manufacturer Serial Number (MSN) remains immutable. Aviation asset appraisers, banks, and maintenance organizations track airframe logbooks, airworthiness directives (ADs), and heavy D-check compliance strictly by MSN serial provenance.

Aircraft Operating Lessors & SPVs

When an aircraft displays a lessor ownership title (such as AerCap or Avolon), the physical airframe is typically held within a bankruptcy-remote Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) trust. This legal ring-fencing protects financier equity in the event of airline lessee financial distress or reorganization.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do aircraft registration tail numbers work internationally?

Every civil aircraft is assigned a unique national registration prefix defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). For instance, N indicates the United States, G is the United Kingdom, D is Germany, F is France, and JA is Japan. Following the national prefix is a unique alphanumeric sequence issued by the national aviation regulator (such as the FAA, CAA, or LBA).

What is a 24-bit Mode S transponder hex code?

A Mode S hex code is a unique 24-bit binary address permanently assigned to an aircraft upon registration. Mode S and ADS-B Out transponders broadcast this hex code thousands of times per flight, allowing air traffic control and ground receivers to identify the specific airframe regardless of tactical flight callsign.

What is the difference between an aircraft registration and an MSN?

A Manufacturer Serial Number (MSN) or line number is stamped onto the airframe during factory assembly by the OEM (Airbus or Boeing) and never changes throughout the aircraft lifecycle. In contrast, registration tail numbers change whenever an aircraft is sold or re-registered across different national jurisdictions or airline operators.

Why do some commercial aircraft list a lessor instead of an airline owner?

Over 51% of the world commercial passenger fleet is owned by aircraft operating leasing companies (such as AerCap, SMBC Aviation Capital, Avolon, and Air Lease Corporation). Airlines dry-lease these airframes for 6 to 12 year terms, operating them in full airline livery while legal title remains with the lessor.